ABSTRACT
@#Hemangioma is the most common vascular benign tumor in infants and young children, 60% of which occur in the oral maxillo-facial region. One characteristic of oral and maxillofacial hemangioma is spontaneous regression, which generally does not require treatment; however, a few hemangiomas can produce complications including ulceration, functional disorders and disfigurement, which require active treatments. Currently, the treatment of oral and maxillofacial hemangioma include drug treatment, laser treatment and surgical treatment. The drugs used to treat hemangioma mainly include beta blockers, glucocorticoids, alpha-interferon, imiquimod and antitumor drugs. Drug therapy is suitable for multiple, rapidly proliferating hemangiomas and hemangiomas that affect vital organ function or endanger life. Laser therapy can be applied to the early treatment of rapidly growing hemangiomas at exposed sites. Surgical treatment is suitable for proliferative hemangioma with serious complications, the reconstruction of any external deformity and the repair of a scar after an ulcer. Combined therapy and the development of new technologies provide new directions for the treatment of hemangioma but the efficacy remains to be proven by large sample prospective studies. Clinicians should appropriately evaluate the patients with hemangioma and develop individualized treatment programs for patients with treatment indications. This article reviews the efficacy, mechanism, clinical application and adverse reactions of different treatment methods and provides references for clinical treatment.
ABSTRACT
@#Dental fluorosis is a kind of enamel hypoplasia caused by excessive fluorine intake during tooth development, leading to the formation of enamel with a lower mineral content and increased porosity, which can affect dental function and patients′ appearance. The prevalence of dental fluorosis remains high on a global level, and its occurrence is affected by many factors. Excessive fluorine intake is a major risk factor for dental fluorosis. The ways of fluorine intake mainly includes the application of fluorides, daily diet and air. Since fluorides have been widely used in the prevention of caries in recent decades and the methods of exposure to fluorine have been increasing, increasing numbers of studies have been conducted to explore how fluoride can achieve a balance between the effective prevention of caries and the prevention of dental fluorosis. In addition, exposure to fluorine at earlier ages can also increase the risk of dental fluorosis, while the improvement of nutritional structure can affect dental fluorosis prevention. Genetic susceptibility, socioeconomic status and parental awareness may influence dental fluorosis. This article aimed to review the latest research progress on the factors influencing dental fluorosis and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of dental fluorosis.
ABSTRACT
@#Caries is an important public health problem that affect the quality of life of residents, and microorganisms is the most important factor in its incidence. Probiotics are types of microorganisms that are beneficial to the human body and can regulate the microecological balance; thus, they have great potential for caries prevention. This paper reviews the caries prevention mechanism of probiotics, the research progress of probiotics of different genera, and the early colonization of probiotics and their safety. The literature review showed that probiotics aimed at caries prevention could colonize the oral cavity and played a role in caries prevention by inhibiting the growth of cariogenic bacteria and regulating host immunity. At present, probiotics used to prevent dental caries include probiotic Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus. The positive effect of probiotics on dental caries has been confirmed in most clinical trials. Because probiotics include a variety of strains with strain-specific functions, different strains may be the reason for the lack of caries prevention in some clinical trials. The potential probiotic strains with a strong colonization ability and caries prevention effect in the oral cavity are the research hotspots for caries prevention probiotics.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the risk factors for caries in preschool children to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of caries in primary teeth.@*Method@#From July 2017 to September 2017, 183 children aged 3-6 who received treatment for caries in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, were randomly selected for recording of the caries status of deciduous teeth, and a questionnaire was collected from their guardians. Risk factors for caries in primary teeth were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software．@*Results@#The mean dmft (decayed, missing and filled teeth) value of all samples was 9.91 ± 5.12. There was no significant difference in dmft between boys (10.38 ± 5.26) and girls (9.55 ± 5.01) (t = -1.088, P > 0. 05). There were 40 cases (21.86%) in the mild caries group (dmft = 3.13 ± 1.34) and 143 cases in the severe group (dmft = 11.80 ± 4.07). Oral hygiene before one year of age, duration of tooth brushing, number of oral hospital examinations and frequency of sugar intake were significantly associated with caries status (P < 0.05). Children who brushed their teeth for less than 2 minutes and consumed sugar frequently had high dmft values. Duration of tooth brushing and frequency of sugar intake were significantly associated with caries in the primary teeth (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Insufficient tooth brushing time and frequent sugar intake are major risk factors for deciduous caries.